IP addressing gives every device on a network a logical identity so that traffic can be delivered to the correct destination. Understanding addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and private ranges is essential for configuring and troubleshooting networks.
Core Concepts
- IPv4 address: identifies a device on an IP network.
- Subnet mask or prefix: defines the network and host portions of an address.
- Default gateway: routes traffic outside the local subnet.
- Private ranges: are used inside organisations and are normally translated for internet access.
Subnetting Method
Start with the required number of networks and hosts, select an appropriate prefix length, then confirm the usable address range and broadcast address. Draw the ranges before applying them to devices.
For practical diagnosis, see our IP troubleshooting guide.